16 research outputs found
Knowledge and Beliefs about Cancer in African American Population
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States, taking the lives of one in four Americans each year (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2015). A total of 1,658,370 new cancer cases and 589,430 deaths from cancer were projected to occur in the United States in 2015 (ACS, 2015). In 2013, approximately 176,630 new cancer cases and 64,880 deaths from cancer were projected to occur in African American communities. The majority of diagnoses were cancers of the prostate, lung, colon, rectum, breast, and colorectal region (ACS, 2013). For most cancers, African Americans have the highest death rate, and shortest survival rate, of any racial or ethnic sub-groups (ACS, 2013). Individual perception, knowledge, beliefs, and awareness systems can influence the cancer evaluation process and the ability to fight the disease. The health belief model (HBM) is a conceptual framework used to explain an individualâs behavior based on the individualâs belief or perception. This paper reports on an analysis of a sample of self-identified African American respondents to the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data HINT4 cycle3, to explore an association of African Americansâ knowledge, beliefs and the processes of cancer information-seeking behavior based on the HBM and demographic information. The results showed that African Americans with a higher level of education were significantly more likely to access common sources of cancer information. Perceived benefits and cues-to-action were significantly associated with the common sources of cancer information sought whereas perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy were not. African Americansâ perceptions and beliefs of cancer may be enhanced through health education, mass media campaigns, and a wider availability of health information online
Predictive Biases in Natural Language Processing Models: A Conceptual Framework and Overview
An increasing number of works in natural language processing have addressed
the effect of bias on the predicted outcomes, introducing mitigation techniques
that act on different parts of the standard NLP pipeline (data and models).
However, these works have been conducted in isolation, without a unifying
framework to organize efforts within the field. This leads to repetitive
approaches, and puts an undue focus on the effects of bias, rather than on
their origins. Research focused on bias symptoms rather than the underlying
origins could limit the development of effective countermeasures. In this
paper, we propose a unifying conceptualization: the predictive bias framework
for NLP. We summarize the NLP literature and propose a general mathematical
definition of predictive bias in NLP along with a conceptual framework,
differentiating four main origins of biases: label bias, selection bias, model
overamplification, and semantic bias. We discuss how past work has countered
each bias origin. Our framework serves to guide an introductory overview of
predictive bias in NLP, integrating existing work into a single structure and
opening avenues for future research.Comment: 9 pages excluding references, 1 figure, 3 pages for appendi
Double crush syndrome: clinical review of an unsolved puzzle
Double crush syndrome (DCS) involves compression of a peripheral nerve at two different segments. Median nerve is most commonly involved with proximal compression at the level of cervical spine and distal compression in the carpal tunnel. Little consensus exists in literature regarding its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology and definitive treatment. The purpose of this article is to summarize our current knowledge about this disease process as well as to touch upon the controversies that have been generated in recent times
Text Extraction from Natural Images of Different Languages Using ISEF Edge Detection
In this paper, we proposed the algorithm text extraction of different images of languages. In computer vision research area, text is very important in images. Here, we use edge based extraction of text using ISEF (infinite symmetrical edge filter). ISEF is optimal edge detector which gives accurate results for text in images. Text extraction involves detection, localization, tracking and enhancement. Large numbers of technique have been proposed for the text extraction. Our aim is to present robust technique for text extraction of different languages images
HLA-DQA1*05 carriage associated with development of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab and adalimumab in patients with Crohn's Disease
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies are the most widely used biologic drugs for treating immune-mediated diseases, but repeated administration can induce the formation of anti-drug antibodies. The ability to identify patients at increased risk for development of anti-drug antibodies would facilitate selection of therapy and use of preventative strategies.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on Publisher URL to access the full-text
Erweiterung eines Trajektorienrechners zur Simulation von treibstoffoptimierten 4D-Flugzeugtrajektorien fĂŒr Hyperschallflugzeuge Extension of a trajectory calculator to simulate fuel-optimized-4D-trajectories for hypersonic airliner
According to a study of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) from 1985 to 2005,
passenger and freight air traffic show both an annual growth rate of more than 6 %. Since global
air traffic contributes with a share of approx. 5% of the total anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF)
to the global climate change, the fraction of air traffic is significant and will thus most probably
further increase in the future. The impact of air traffic on the global climate is not only
determined by the quantity of pollutant substances emitted, but also decisively by the locus
(longitude, latitude and flight altitude) and time of the emissions. Technological advances, such
as the reduction of take-off weight, the improvement of engine technology and the increase in
aerodynamic performance, including operational measures and new aircraft design concepts,
are thus an aspired goal in aviation. Against this background, the feasibility and accessibility of
STRATOFLY-MR3, a Mach 8 waverider fueled with liquid hydrogen to perform high-speed
passenger stratospheric flights, is addressed in this bachelor thesis in terms of the H2020
STRATOFLY Project, funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 framework
International Conference on Blockchain Technology
This book presents articles from the International Conference on Blockchain Technology (IC-BCT) 2019, held in Mumbai, India, and highlights recent advances in the field. It brings together researchers and industry practitioners to show case their ideas linked to business case studies, and provides an opportunity for engineers, researchers, startups and professionals in the field of Blockchain technology to further collaboration